The AIDS inflicted citizens in Africa Essay Example for Free

The AIDS inflicted citizens in Africa EssayThe dilemma regarding the AIDS inflicted citizens in Africa is a advance(a) day paradox. On one hand, mankind keep achieve huge strides in the research undeniable to control the malady which has already killed so many. On the other, modern civilization risks the exploitation of fellow kind-hearted beings born into a more unfortunate and primitive lifestyle deficient in modern healthcare. In planetary, the debate which sends priority above all others is the question of equality in the context of lessonity.According to the tralatitious perspective of Immanuel Kant constructed in his Metaphysics of Morals, the universal presumption of moral principles is that they apply to all rational autonomous beings at all places and at all times. Thus, Kant would argue that the medical care provided to trial participants in Africa should be equivalent, or at least comparable, to the treatment offered to citizens in more advanced societies as l ong as it does non compromise the rational autonomy of the lot involved.To approach the issue from Kants perspective, it is important to first delineate the estimateations Kant would moderateness to be the virtually morally relevant when attempting to provide a conclusion. In his work, Kant clearly taboolines three general principles about moral duties as well as other considerations which can are applicable to the situation. low of all, it would be essential to determine if giving inferior treatment to uneducated individuals in Africa is a woof ground on a sense of barter, or if ulterior aims might exist.On first glance, this seems to travel by to an initial conclusion that failing to provide volunteers with comparable treatment is an unfair and immoral excerpt found on monetary and governmental motives. However, further analysis reveals that the rational autonomy of the individuals in question essential also be considered. Providing the luxurious treatments seen in m ore advanced countries to sight in Africa may pervert their rational autonomy by tempting or deceiving them into an action they would not normally undertake. Therefore, any choice made in regards to AIDS treatments must reflect a desire to do what is right era preserving and appreciateing the rational autonomy of the individuals.Kants second consideration would be to base the moral quality of his determination on the intentions of that choice, not the actions consequences. Thus, the issue cannot be resolved by developing a best case scenario, however must be determined by distinguishing which option is enacted with the best moral intentions. In this way, it is likely that the most morally acceptable choice would be the one which puts Africas citizens on an equal consideration with the rest of the world, and so would include providing identical treatment. Thirdly, it is important to make sure that whatever direction is taken, it is taken out of respect for the moral law and for no other reason such as need or desire. To come across the third principle, an action cannot violate the categorical imperative. Otherwise, the conclusion cannot be considered as a moral action.The moral law, as Kant explained, is a universal formula that ensures all actions are undertaken with pure motives without consideration of the consequences. When deciding whether or not to give Africans the same health benefits that AIDS phase II trial volunteers would receive in other countries, even if they are very dear(predicate), it is important to determine whether the choice could be applied universally. In other words, Kant would compare the options faced by pharmaceutical companies by placing all of them in the categorical imperative, and abide by which options are inherent contradiction in termss.When weighing the options using the categorical imperative, the results once again suggests that providing African volunteers with equivalent treatments takes precedence over all othe r options. The concept of appropriate treatment, if determined only on monetary, social and political status, would seemingly contradict itself if it were considered a universal law. Kant would argue that by issuing care by status, people would be applying a different standard to their own behavior than they would want applied to themselves and everyone else.The problem with the contradiction argument, critics might argue, is that it may prove difficult if not impossible to provide hold outing evidence that universalizing the aphorism would result in a contradiction. Advocates would then turn to another method of formulating the categorical imperative to support their position. In the alternate interpretation, known as the second formulation, the categorical imperative serves as a fate that we must not treat other rational beings as mere means to our own purposes. This simulated military operation allows proponents of equal treatment to establish their position without attemptin g to prove any inherent contradictions. Instead, they simply have to establish that by failing to meet the precedence of care in other countries, pharmaceutical companies are treating people as ends not as means.Critics may also claim that a truly moral decision would factor in the hard work of the manufacturers of the antiretroviral drugs, as well as anyone else involved in the trials. Kant would not dismiss this assertion. In Metaphysics of Morals, Kant does not attempt to claim that all actions must always be undertaken out of a sense of duty, he simply outlines the necessary components required to establish an individuals own autonomy based on reason. When considering the dilemma faced by pharmaceutical companies, the only critical consideration is whether the ultimate decision conforms to moral law.They may also argue that the drugs given to Americans and Europeans are so much more expensive to Africans that it cannot be deemed appropriate to treat African volunteers with them . To this argument, Kant would refute the idea that the term appropriate should not be applied universally. In his perspective, all humans are rational autonomous agents who deserve the same treatment. If a law or rule cannot be applied universally, a.k.a. fails the categorical imperative, then it should not be considered moral.The doctrine of the Metaphysics of Morals appears to lend itself nicely to the dilemma of conducting phase II trials in Africa by clearly addressing the major moral concerns involved while at the same time respecting the complexity of the conflict. Kant would recognize that other peoples livelihoods and incomes can be considered when deciding whether or not to provide expensive treatments in Africa, as long as the ultimate decision does not violate moral law.Pharmaceutical companies must insure that they are not manipulating or violating the rational autonomy of their possible test subjects in Africa, but may still consider other variables such as profits an d benefits to society. Consequently, pharmaceutical companies appear to have a moral duty to provide adequately equal care to all phase II trial participants in Africa, providing they take steps to insure they are not violating anyones rational autonomy in the process.