Pass The Opium, Please Essay - 1016 Words

Religion is said to be the opiate of the masses, and it is definitely a point of interest in George Orwells famous novel Animal Farm. In it, Orwell pointedly attacks religion in general and Christianity in particular through the use of a well placed symbolic bird by the name of Moses. Orwells stance is rather apparent as Moses darts about the farm scene conveying the duality of Christianity quite superbly. At the first mention of the raven Moses, one immediately gets the impression that he stands for something quite larger than just a simple bird that lives on the Manor Farm. Firstly his name, Moses, is an obvious biblical reference conveying the idea that he may stand for religion or Christianity. It is not a subtle point that Orwell†¦show more content†¦In his reference to Sugercandy Mountain there is an obvious correlation to the kingdom of heaven in traditional Christian belief. This reinforces the idea in the readers mind that Moses is most definitely standing for Christianity in this story. But so far Orwell has not made any criticisms against Christianity or religion, he has merely set up the character. The first time we get the idea that Orwell may be viewing Moses with a critical eye is when he describes the bird as being lazy and unwilling to do any. All the bird is apparently good for is to lie around all day and warm up to Mr. Jones, all the while getting special t reats and even getting to venture inside the farm house. This is a very deliberate shot against the Christian religion. Orwell is painting a very critical portrait of Christianity as a tired and pathetic institution that is no longer living up to the ideals it once so vehemently believed in. But of course this institution, or Moses, still talks grandly about the kingdom of Sugercandy Mountain and how all good Russians and animals will go there when they die to live an existence of eternal bliss. This part of Mosess involvement is basically telling the acutely aware reader a very pointed lesson: that not all that shines is sure to be gold (or God in this case). The last mention of Moses at his initial involvement leaves quite an interesting tasteShow MoreRelatedNursing Education and the Media: P.I.S.D. Pathetic Ignorance Spectrum Disorder1716 Words   |  7 Pageshospital-grade wages, then fail the NCLEX-RN licensing exam. Scores from the Q2 2013 NCLEX-RN national exam show an aby smal 29% pass rate for first-time NCLEX takers educated in non-U.S. nursing programs. 2013 YTD pass rate for the same population is only 32%. 2012 overall pass rates are solidly locked in the gleaming 30-36% range. For dignitys sake, well skip pass rates for repeat exam takers. Offered housing, travel and other considerations many visa entrants are recruits-only, not yet licensedRead MoreShort Story : Alive But Not Living1484 Words   |  6 Pagesgirls as kindred sisters who are even closer than a husband and wife. Her laotong, Snow Flower, introduces herself by sending Lily a silk fan where she has written a poem in nu shu, the unique and secret language created by Chinese women. As the years pass, Lily and Snow Flower send messages on the fan and compose stories, on handkerchiefs, to share their hopes, dreams and accomplishments. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan by Lisa See shows the pain, the hardships, and the pressure that girls and womenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Sn ow Flower And Snow Flowers 1484 Words   |  6 Pagesgirls as kindred sisters who are even closer than a husband and wife. Her laotong, Snow Flower, introduces herself by sending Lily a silk fan where she has written a poem in nu shu, the unique and secret language created by Chinese women. As the years pass, Lily and Snow Flower send messages on the fan and compose stories, on handkerchiefs, to share their hopes, dreams and accomplishments. Through the point of view of Lily, Snow Flower and the Secret Fan by Lisa See shows the pain, the hardships, andRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Personal Warming1852 Words   |  8 Pagesnights you walked, you would slide out of bed careful not to wake Sara up and would start to trip around the ship. During the third and fourth week of being back you walked the halls of the ship almost every night. Starting at your room you would pass all the other sleeping chambers, Rory and Jax both snored like you would believe, Stein talked in his sleep often rambling on about theories and ideas he had, Ray’s room always had a soft electronic buzzing sound that slipped under his doors and filledRead MoreShort Story11680 Words   |  47 Pagesâ€Å"At least you won’t have to worry about that this time- he has set you up in a nice home with servants to look after you. Now, please forgive me and let’s have a nice visit- I want to share the latest news of what’s going on in Charleston.† Although Allie tried to pay attention to what Eli was saying, her thoughts were on Thomas, wondering where he was†¦ *** When Thomas returned around eleven a.m., Allie was sitting on the balcony watching the activity in the harbor. She heard footsteps nearingRead MoreThe Boiling Frog Theory on Population6400 Words   |  26 Pagesand when we slipped into that beautifully pleasant water: the Near East, ten thousand years ago. As the water in the cauldron slowly heats, the frog feels nothing but a pleasant warmth, and indeed thats all there is to feel. A long time has to pass before the water begins to be dangerously hot, and our own history demonstrates this. For fully half our history, the first five thousand years, signs of distress are almost nonexistent. The technological innovations of this period bespeak a quietRead MoreThe Marijuana Growers Guide9909 Words   |  40 Pages1992 NOTE:- Footnotes have been placed in double brackets (()). Numbers throughout refer to bibliography and are sometimes in brackets, sometimes they aren t. All dates are for northern hemisphere only. Comments on pictures are in curly brackets {}. Please distribute this widely so we can all smoke better marijuana. Legalise marijuana. 4 October 1996 Copying this book was a megamission that took about 3 weeks in the September of 1993. Everything in the book has been copied - even the bibliographyRead MoreEssay about The Razors Edge Study Guide23742 Words   |  95 PagesThe Razors Edge W. Somerset Maugham Online Information For the online version of BookRags The Razors Edge Premium Study Guide, including complete copyright information, please visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide−razors−edge/ Copyright Information  ©2000−2007 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Premium Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction,Read MoreTata Nano Marketing Strategies Essays5895 Words   |  24 Pagestrucks, buses, and tractors. In addition, Tata Motors produces passenger vehicles, and luxury cars from their subsidiaries, such as Jaguar and Land Rover. Tata Motors is the biggest subsidiary of Tata Group founded as a trading company dealing opium in 1868 in Bombay, India by Jamshetji Nusserwanji and Tata Motors, is currently operated by his grandson Ratan Tata. According to the Tata Motors web site (2009), the company was listed in the New York Stock Exchange as the first automobile firm fromRead MoreAsk the Dust by John Fante13686 Words   |  55 PagesBookRags Literature Study Guide Ask the Dust by John Fante For the online version of BookRags Ask the Dust Literature Study Guide, including complete copyright information, please visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-ask-the-dust/ Copyright Information  ©2000-2012 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction

Substance Use Screening And Assessment Measures And Their...

Substance Use Screening and Assessment Measures and Their Impact on Treatment Tiffany L. Williams Post University Abstract This paper highlights 3 substance use screening and assessment measures that are commonly utilized in diagnostic assessment. The T-ACE, DALI and SBIRT tools are used across several domains, and in multiple healthcare settings. The purpose of this paper is to describe these assessment tools, and how they impact human services providers working in addictions treatment. Keywords: substance use; screening; assessment; human services Substance Use Screening and Assessment Measures and Their Impact on Treatment As clinicians, there is a duty to provide as clear of a diagnostic assessment as possible, particularly in relation to substance use, in order to provide the best care. In Substance Abuse Counseling: Theory and Practice, the authors state â€Å"as with other diseases and disorders, the earlier a therapist diagnoses a substance abuse problem, the better the prognosis for the client.† (Stevens Smith, 2013) This makes assessment crucial to the diagnostic process. In â€Å"Screening, brief intervention, referral to treatment (SBIRT) for illicit drug and alcohol use at multiple heathcare sites,† written by Madras, Compton, Avula, Stegbauer, Stein, Clark (2009), the reported 2006 NSDUH survey statistics estimated that â€Å"22.6 million people harbor a diagnosable alcohol or illicit drug use disorder.† (Madras et.al, 2009) Over the years, researchers have developedShow MoreRelatedThe Council On Recovery Is A Non Profit Organization1586 Words   |  7 Pagesoutreach, supportive services as well as screenings for state funded inpatient drug and alcohol treatment facilities. Many of the Council’s employees are based in their main office, but there are also more than 50 clinicians who are based in MHMRA facilities across the city. The Council’s services are divided into four main areas. The first one, Behavioral Health Clinic for Children and Families, includes therapeutic services like screenings and assessments, individual, family and group therapy,Read MoreHow The Cage Can Be Treated For Adults And Adolescents Over The Age Of 16 ( Aertgeerts )874 Words   |  4 Pagesthe consultation less threatening (Aertgeerts, et al., 2004). Item responses are scored zero to one, with a higher score a suggestion of alcohol problems. The total score can range from zero to four (Aertgeerts, et al., 2004). This screening apparatus is simply administered and scored and can often times be committed to memory. The CAGE can be used in general medical populations in a primary care setting and be administered at no cost to adults and adolescents over the age of 16 (AertgeertsRead MoreMotivational Interviewing as a Treatment for Substance Abuse1668 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Motivational Interviewing as a Treatment for Substance Abuse Introduction Motivational interviewing is an evidenced-based counseling approach that health care providers can use to help patients adhere to treatment recommendations. It emphasizes using a directive, patient-centered style of interaction to promote behavioral change by helping patients explore and resolve ambivalence (Levensky et al., 2007). Motivational interviewing is a highly individualized therapeutic approach that isRead MoreMn Counseling Laws825 Words   |  4 Pagesa Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor a mandatory reporter. Second, Sherry’s use of marijuana must be examined to determine if it does constitute child abuse or neglect. Finally, Sherry is selling an illegal substance and this may in and of itself require a welfare report. Minnesota law requires that any professional practicing the healing arts, working in education, providing psychological treatment or working in social service file a report with state child welfare agencies or localRead MoreWomen1623 Words   |  7 Pagesto seek treatment for mental disorders and substance abuse but were less likely to actually have participated in the programs prior to being incarcerated. It was recognized by the Personality Assessment Inventory that females displayed significant symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). According to Lewis (2006), the cause of high rates of symptoms of PTSD in incarcerated females is likely to do the fact the most female inmates have experienced or been victims of physical abuse, sexualRead MoreThe Mental Illness Of Mental Health3043 Words   |  13 Pagesinclude alcohol consumption, drug use, sexual activities, plans, and concerns. Other may include sexual abuse history and other mental health illness. When talkin g to such a person, who could be possibly mentally ill, one should pay attention to speech, emotions, thinking and perception and their insights if they have self-harmed. Also, one should try and look for risk indicators for repeated self-harm which could include making preparations for suicide or substance abuse (Blanc et al, 2014). WhetherRead MoreTreating Adolescent Depression : A Systematic Review1608 Words   |  7 Pagesadolescents diagnosed with a major depressive disorder have a lifetime prevalence rate of 11%, and a 12 month prevalence rate of 7.5%. Of those diagnosed with depression, only about 60% receive treatment. Which lends to the questions of why some adolescents receive treatment and others do not, and what treatment options are most effective in reducing depression among adolescents. However, before those questions can be addressed, it is important to understand how and where adolescents are screened forRead MoreAnalysis Of Capital Murder Trial744 Words   |  3 Pages In their research, they found little systematic research on how much of an impact ASPD, sociopathy, and psychopathy have on a case outcome. They decided to carry out a survey at a national conference to measure how frequently this evidence was produced. They found that ASPD evidence was used more than sociopathy and psychopath. Respondents in the survey believed that when the evidence was produced, it had a major impact on the trial outcome. This evidence was rarely ruled inadmissible in these caseRead MoreVulnerability of the Mentally Ill1264 Words   |  6 PagesVulnerability of the Mentally Ill Eva Morris American Sentinel University Vulnerability of the Mentally Ill Evaluation and treatment of the mentally ill population has developed from confinement of the mad during colonial times, into the biomedical balancing of neurological impairment seen in these modern times. There were eras of mental health reform, medicalization, and deinstitutionalization sandwiched in between (Nies amp; McEwen, 2011). Regardless of the stage of understanding and developmentRead MoreThe Diverse Nature of Psychology Essays919 Words   |  4 Pagesof its diverse nature, the field has become widely applicable and valuable in many other fields. Psychology has successfully been applied to fields like education, vocational, medicine, sports, and the corporate world. This paper will discuss the impact of diversity on psychology’s major concepts, give examples of subdisciplines and their implications in other fields, and examine many ways psychology has contributed to society. Unification There does exist some discourse regarding

Biggest Challenges of Globalization Business-MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Biggest Challenges of Globalization Business Organization. Answer: Introduction: The 21st century has brought several changes in the workplace environment in the world. Several are the factors that are affecting the business and giving it a new and more complex dimension. The complexity in business is attributed to several factors, which are influencing the business practices of different organizations. Some of the affecting factors are political, economy and international communication. It is very important to know first about the factor, which in major contributing in the changing faces of business in the 21st century (Landy and Conte 2016). The 21st century of business is heavily influenced by the globalization and the advancement of technology. These are the two driving forces behind the changes that are happening to the business. Globalization has brought different organizations at the same place. In an advent to search a new market for a better future growth, companies are willing and going to new market. Despite of entire cultural differences, business of different companies are integrating just to serve the purpose of business expansion and the enhanced revenues (Christensen and Schneider 2015). The main purpose of the assignment is to check the work nature of the 21st century and the relevant challenges faced at the workplace. Apart from all the mentioned affecting factors in the above paragraph, some other factors are affecting the business in the 21st century. These are technological advancement in the field of business tools and the ageing workforces, which is a problem for many countries. Technological advancement has given a new face to the business of modern world. It has not only sophisticated the business nature but it has also narrowed down the competition by defining the advancement of business. The technological advancement such as e commerce is narrowing the business competition by enhancing the technological advancement into its inhibitor. However, it has created asset of competition in between the organizations of different nations, which is unstoppable (National Research Council 2013). The complexity of value chain can only be solved with the proper usage of technology and strategies. This is why Walmart has been able to turn the complex form of value chain into its favour. Walmart is by far the biggest company in the world in respect to revenues. The ageing workforces is another strain on the developing countries as these are posing challenging tasks ahead of the respective countrys HRM. The HRM of the respective country has now the challenges to hire the alternate solution to the ageing workforces in many of the developing countries. For example, Singapore is one of the fastest developing countries in the world. However, the country is facing severe challenges of managing its workforce because of the fact that the many of the existing workforces are nearing to the retirement. It has created sufficing amount of challenges to the HRM for hiring the adequate amount of talented and skilled workforce, which could provide an answer to the close to retirement people (Castells 2014). Apart from all these challenges, there are some other challenges, which are posing higher strain on the organization in developing countries. One of those challenges is the communication gaps, which has been mostly resulted because of globalization. Globalization is bringing many organizations under one roof. It is resulting in the integration of people of different cultures at one workplace. This is one of such problem, which is creating problem not only for the communication issues but also for the cultural awareness (Castellano 2013). Employees working in UK are finding chances to work in some of the offshore branches of the Company. The offshore location might possibly be outside of UK, which itself make this happen the integration of diverse culture at the workplace. The main problem behind the integration is the awareness of different employees towards the cultural values if some other countries. The racism activities in UK, Australia and America are widely popular in the world . The racism feeling thus makes this challenging the HRM to maintain a harmony relations inn between the employees of different cultures (Bagley 2015). The HR in the 21st century would have another strain apart from just recruiting and posing etiquettes guidelines. They are now required to bring some effective workout to bring a uniform flow of work. Organizations in developing countries tend to prosper because of their collective workforces. Collective workforces are a key to organizational success (News, 2017). The political factors are also influencing the business of 21st century. This has majorly enhanced with the advent of globalization in different companies across the globe. The companies aspiring to have their business expansion in some other parts of world, they find some solid restrictions from some affecting factors. Political factor of the concerned country is one of those factors, which is affecting the behaviour of business and the resultant outcome. The behaviour of business is highly affected by the political dilemma of the concerned country (OConnor et al. 2012). To understand the point clearly, some examples can be cited such as the political condition in China and India. The political condition in China is quite stable making this a good place for the business purpose. However, the legal and local government rules and regulations are a big strain to the foreign companies. This is because of the fact that Company such as Walmart could not sustain the same success as that of America, Brazil and Netherlands. The Company never took off in China. However, the political condition of India is very different to China. In India, political parties are making use of religious affairs to disturb the harmony and peaceful environment of the nation. The political condition of the country is contributing hugely in discouraging the entrance of foreign companies to some extent. Tata, which is a multinational Company found it difficult to have their good run in Singur in Bengal. However, it succeeded in opening up the plant in Gujarat. This is the main problem in India that political parties do not understand the importance of foreign companies or some other potential companies. The just know their style of working and they feel proud of doing that. Both India and China are the emerging market and two potential markets in the world. However, the fate of foreign companies in both the countries suffers different kinds of retarding forces in the way of their expansion (Ky llonen 2012). The political stability of a country is of utmost urgency for the betterment of business. However, the work of 21st century is bound to face political challenges because of the fact that expansion of business has now become a core asset for many of the multinational companies. The desire to expand more and to have enhanced revenues, companies is heading to the global destinations. There is another factor behind the expansion of different companies into different parts of world, which is the lowering success in the parent country (Greenstein 2012). For example, Walmart headed to China because of the fact that the performance of the company was lowering in its parent country. This is because of the fact that the Company opted to have its expansion in the Chinese market. The potentiality of the Chinese market had attracted Walmart. Walmart is not the only Company, which gets attracted towards the Chinese market. List is endless of such companies, which are attracting towards the Chinese market. This is because of the fact that China is the most emerging market in the world, which is only behind to America in the retailing industry (Suto and Assessment 2013). However, some of the unfavourable conditions in China have opposed the expansion of Walmart as per the expectation. Nevertheless, the political and legal guidelines and rules are posing enormous challenges to the workforce of 21st century. The workforce of 21st century has to face opposition from political parties in terms of political dilemmas, which is very common in India and some other Asian countries. The political dilemma does hamper the concentration of the workforces, which is a threat for a progressive movement in the direction of achieving the organizational objectives (Shore, Coyle-Shapiro and Tetrick 2012). The restructuring of economic society are producing enormous affects on the business of 21st century. The inclination of organizations towards technological advanced tools had brought complexity the processing and enhanced the international competition. The formation of complex structure of organization and the clustering of enterprises have enhanced the complexity of business operations. The rapid changes in the business structure have attracted the integration of technology in the business communication, which has further enhanced the complexity in business operations (Bender 2012). The international trade are now heading towards restructuring in the 21st century. The innovation has also influenced the organizations in going for technological advancement. The increment of competitiveness in the market and the run for the most developed organizations has made the business more complex. The changing economy structure of different organizations in irrespective of the countries has also contributed in the attainment of technically sound skills in workforce. The enhancing desire for attaining the maximum skills is also contributing in the restructuring of economy of different countries (Hanna and Latchem 2013). One of the best examples can be cited of India and China, which are now emerging as two most valued organizations in the market. In the retailing market both India and China are two of the most emerging countries. The advancement of technological skills and the desire to become more innovative in business have contributed hugely in the growth of GDP of the respective country. Singapore, which is a comparatively smaller country, has undoubted ly inspired many other countries. The purchasing power parity (PPP) of the country is enhanced to a next level. Singapore is the largest country in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). The changing economy of the country is putting enough pressure at the workplace of 21st century. With the advent to maintain a homogenous flow of GDP, countries are putting extra efforts on the production of products. This is because of the fact that an enhanced status of economy status is tough to sustain under the rapid changing environment of business (Passaris, 2017). The changing economy structure of different countries have created the necessity to have skilled and technically advanced workforce in organizations. The hunt for skilled workforce has reduced the importance of lower skilled workers. It has also reduced the importance of manual working to a major extent, which varies from one country to another. The manual form of entry has given way to the computerized form of entry. Stock maintenance is not the part of manual working; Tally and the advanced version of ERP system have widely replaced the manual kind of working. It has put additional pressure on aspiring graduates to technically advance in order to match up with the rapid changing face of business style. The adaptability nature is very much tested in the present day workplaces. It is not only sufficient to be technically advanced but it also requires being adaptive in nature, which allows quick scuffling from one skill to another (Allen and van der Velden 2012). The changing face of workplace in the 21st century is a healthy sign from the organizational perspectives. However, the amount of challenges, which the advancement is carrying with it is posing some serious amount of challenges to the workforce and the management. The challenges, which the advancement has produced in front of the global companies, have created an urgency to be flexible with the changing nature of working. Becoming technically advanced is not the only solution to the created urgency it requires something more, which comes in the form of development of workplace in accordance to the crated urgency. To produce a solid response to the changing nature of workplace of the 21st century, it is necessary for the companies that they have adequate support from the HRM. Moreover, an effective and innovative HRM would certainly find ways out of the problem. The HRM of 21st century has to shift its working domains fro the traditional form of working. References Allen, J. and van der Velden, R., 2012. Skills for the 21st century: Implications for education. Bagley, C.E., 2015.Managers and the legal environment: Strategies for the 21st century. Cengage Learning. Bender, W.N., 2012.Project-based learning: Differentiating instruction for the 21st century. Corwin Press. Castellano, W.G., 2013.Practices for engaging the 21st century workforce: challenges of talent management in a changing workplace. FT Press. Castells, M., 2014.Technopoles of the world: The making of 21st century industrial complexes. Routledge. Christensen, K. and Schneider, B. eds., 2015.Workplace flexibility: Realigning 20th-century jobs for a 21st-century workforce. Cornell University Press. Greenstein, L.M., 2012.Assessing 21st century skills: A guide to evaluating mastery and authentic learning. Corwin Press. Hanna, D. and Latchem, C., 2013.Leadership for 21st Century Learning: Global Perspectives from International Experts. Routledge. Kyllonen, P.C., 2012, May. Measurement of 21st century skills within the common core state standards. InInvitational Research Symposium on Technology Enhanced Assessments. May(pp. 7-8). Landy, F.J. and Conte, J.M., 2016.Work in the 21st Century, Binder Ready Version: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. John Wiley Sons. National Research Council, 2013.Education for life and work: Developing transferable knowledge and skills in the 21st century. National Academies Press. News, H. 2017. 11 Biggest Challenges of International Business in 2017 - Hult News. [online] Hult News. Available at: https://www.hult.edu/news/international-business-challenges/#communication-and-culture [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. OConnor, P., Ritchie, J., Drouin, S. and Covell, C.L., 2012. Redesigning the workplace for 21st century healthcare.Healthcare quarterly,15, pp.30-35. Passaris, C. 2017. The Business of Globalization and the Globalization of Business. [online] Journals.lib.unb.ca. Available at: https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCIM/article/view/5666/10661 [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. Shore, L.M., Coyle-Shapiro, J.A. and Tetrick, L.E. eds., 2012.The employee-organization relationship: Applications for the 21st century. Routledge. Suto, I. and Assessment, C., 2013. 21st century skills: Ancient, ubiquitous, enigmatic.Research Matters: A Cambridge Assessment Publication,15, pp.2-8.

Measuring and Managing Sustainability Performance

Question: Discuss about the Measuring and Managing Sustainability Performance. Answer: Introduction Supply chain management is the important part of the business today. There are many companies who are adopting the process of supply chain management in the business. Each and every company has own supply chain strategy to produce or sort out the goods. There is the need to manage the supply chain by the companies to maximize the benefits. This report has described the supply chain process of a company. For discussion, the famous online retail company Amazon has taken. Amazon is the popular company which has best supply chain practices to provide high level of responsiveness for the customers. This report has analyzed the supply chain of Amazon and provided the recommendations to implement for the future (Wisner, 2011). Amazon is the famous American commerce company which is established in Washington, USA. In starting period, the company was only a bookstore but in present time, it is diversified into various types of products. The aim of the Amazon is to provide one stop shop experience to the customers so that they can find everything on the Amazon. Amazon is considered as the pure internet retailer in which the delivery of products is done by the Amazons network of distribution centers. By this operation, the company is able to provide wide range of goods and products with higher quality and at lower prices. The effective supply chain strategy of the Amazon makes the company able to provide high level of responsiveness to the customers. Still, there is strong competition in the market for the company but the company knows to make stability between the distribution cost and the service levels with the effective allocation centers and multi-tier inventory system (Simpson, 2016). The key flows in supply chain There are various ways to define the supply chain management in a company. The supply chain management can be defined as the total system approach to manage the flow of the money, material and information between the suppliers and the customers. For the effective and efficient supply chain, it is important for the company to focus on the key flows of supply chain management. By understanding the flow of product, information, return and the cash, company can get good position in the market (Stefan Roger, 2014). The various flows in the supply chain management of Amazon are as follows: This is the flow of information between the customers and suppliers. In the supply chain, the flow of information goes in both directions such as supplier to customer and customer back to supplier. Amazon uses its ERP system to process and manage the orders and details of the transactions which need to be carried out. The order in the Amazon starts with the searching, selecting the required items by the customers. For this, the email Id of the customers is considered to keep the record and to send the information regarding products (Pamela Pietro, 2011). This is the flow of product from the suppliers to all the customers. This flow is uni-directional as the direction of this flow is from supplier to customers. It moves basically suppliers to the customers. Amazon uses market place model in which buyers can deal directly with the sellers and the delivery will be done by the Amazon. Along with this, the company also uses just-in-time process to serve immediate orders. The products are procured by the company on order-to-order basis (Rashid Aslam, 2012). It includes the movements of the money from customers to suppliers. There are various modes of payments in the Amazon. Customers can pay the sellers through the net banking or can pay at the time of delivery of the products. It is the choice of customers to use the mode of payment. Customer verifies the product and pays the money to the suppliers (Ou et al, 2010). The return of the product to Amazon can happen if the third party is not able to delivery to specified address or customers do not accept that product. When any customer requests for the return of product than there are three main steps for return process i.e. replacement, store credit and actual cash-back (Schaltegger Burritt, 2014). Although the company is popular for its effective supply chain management but there are several areas on which business has to focus. In the supply chain flow, Amazon is doing well. There are some recommendations for the company. Amazon is much depended on the courier companies such as UPS and FedEx. Due to the unreliability of these courier companies, the image of the company can be hit. So, Amazon can set up its own transportation for the last mile delivery. Company can do this by creating its own delivery vehicles and personnel. The make process is important for the company as it manages the production and operations process in the business. Along with this, it is also helpful in providing the products to the customers in time. There are three main processes which are carried out in the production planning process i.e. inward processing, store management and outward processing. In the inward processing, there are the process such as physical inward of products, quality check and scanning and pre-packing of products has been done by the company. In the store management, put-list generation, order pending check and physical placement on shelves is done. At last in the outward processing, final packaging and placements in the respective delivery hub is done by the company (Yu et al, 2013). Material requirement process The company uses continuous review model. There are many strategies adopted by Amazon in material requirement process. Amazon is basically focused on the excellence of the products and producer on the publisher of products. The company has developed allocation infrastructure to provide fast delivery of products form the company directly to the customers. Further, Amazon is also outsourcing some of its inventories to the third party. It is helpful in cutting the operational cost and focusing on the core activities. In the Amazon, the material requirement process is unique. Once the item arrives, the staff scans and sorts it immediately. The policy of the company is to scan the incoming item within first 12 hours of its arrival. At the time of shipment, the company uses an algorithm to know the best shipping route and estimated time (Gao, 2014). It is noted that Amazon does not depends upon the computer system completely. Rather than using hybrid data gathering methodology, the company uses humans armed having barcode data collection software. This system is very helpful for the Amazon to make sure that the company can keep up with the shipment as the demand truck will leave to the fulfillment centre of Amazon in every 105 seconds. Along with this, to keep record of the material, the staff of Amazon keeps the similar items separate from each other and popular goods are stored in the various parts of the warehouses. Company keeps comparable items separate from each other so that employees do not keep wrong record of inventory. This is also helpful to locate the popular consumer goods in multiple locations to prevent from the blockage or inconvenience (Master, 2012). Amazon has implemented the supply chain to stay competitive over the competitors in the market. Amazon has used up lots of amount and effort to expand the competency of supply chain. Here are some recommendations for the Amazon for effective supply chain management. Amazon should do efforts for the long term success and growth. The company should set new international values for the long terms tactics in the ecommerce. Further, there is the need of careful management in the company to prevent the failure of supply chain management (Qi, Zhao Sheu, 2011). The supply chain forecasting Forecasting plays an important role in the business operations of every company. The forecasting can be considered as the most beginning input in the supply chain management of the organization. In each company, there are meeting holds monthly on the forecasting or products supply, production status, inventory value etc. all the user department must report in the meetings for the implementation of forecast related activities. There are mainly two types of forecasting methods which can be used for Amazon i.e. qualitative method and quantitative method. In case of e-commerce, only qualitative method is appropriate as the managers try to use only judgmental facts and forecasting approach in product oriented companies (Wu, Li . Xu, 2013). Under the quantitative approach, there are two models i.e. time series model which uses historical data to predict the future and associative model which uses explanatory variables to predict the future. Basically, quantitative forecasting uses statistical methods to analyze the future values of the company. Under the quantitative forecasting, models take current and historical trends. Qualitative Forecasting: This forecasting is less mathematical and intuition-based. For some unique products such as original iPhone, the statistical methods can provide inaccurate data and outcome as such types of products do not have enough data in the past so analyze the demand in the future. So, qualitative forecasting methods can be appropriate for some companies who do not have enough past data. This model uses historical demand for forecasting the sales of a company. This model is based on the assumption that to analyze the future demand of the products, past history of that product will be the best way. These methods are suitable at the condition when demand pattern does not differ from one year to next year. This method assumes that the demand forecast is connected with some features in the environment such as interest rates, state of economy etc. This method uses estimate to analyze the future demand with the environmental factors in the company. For instance, product proceeding is strongly linked with the demand. So, companies can adopt casual method of forecasting to identify the impact of environmental factors on demand (Acar, Everette Gardner, 2012). Recommended method for Amazon In case of Amazon, statistical forecasting method will be suitable for the company. There are lots of statistical methods including moving average, linear regression, weighted average, exponential smoothing, and Bayesian analysis which have been used for sales forecasting. This method provides accuracy in the forecasting of sales. In this method, large number of items and criteria are required for the forecasting procedures. Amazon is large online retailer having unlimited number of products. It is observed that the forecasting of bulk items is more accurate by the statistical methods. Under the statistical method, Bayesian forecasting model for online retail provides superior quantitative results as compared to other method of forecasting. Selection of right forecasting method is not an easy task as online retail business is affected by various factors such as fashion trends, seasonality and highly irregular pattern. So, statistical method can be able to provide desirable forecastin g outcome in some areas as compared to other methods (Soon, 2011). Conclusion The report is discussed about the importance of supply chain management in an organization. From the above discussion, it is observed that supply chain management is a significant element of business. By adopting proper and effective supply chain management, the company can better in the business. Although organizing raw material and inventory is not easy in the production process but Amazon is getting competitive advantage by proper and effective management of inventory and supply chain. Amazon is achieving competitive advantage over its competitors with its effective resources in the retail industry. Having supply chain in the business, employees of the company feel relaxed in the company as supply chain is very effective process in reducing the stress in the daily operations. Amazon has implemented the supply chain management process for the key business operations i.e. managing supplier and customers, managing inventory and providing services to the customers. The objective of Amazon is to provide best quality product which can meet the demands of the customers. So, supply chain management plays an important role to achieve the goals of the company in the competitive market. References Acar, Y., Everette, S., Gardner, J., (2012), Forecasting method selection in a global supply chain: International Journal of Forecasting, 28(4), 842848 Gao, Y., (2014), Amazons Inventory Strategy, accessed on 21st March 2017 from https://cmuscm.blogspot.in/2014/09/Amazons-inventory-strategy.html Master, N., (2012), Amazon's inventory management secrets, accessed on 21st March 2017 from https://www.rfgen.com/blog/bid/246924/Amazon-s-inventory-management-secrets Murray, M., (2016), Forecasting In The Supply Chain, accessed on 21st March 2017 from https://www.thebalance.com/forecasting-in-the-supply-chain-2221207 Ou, C.S., Liu, F.C., Hung, Y.C., Yen, D.C. (2010), A structural model of supply chain management on firm performance, International Journal of Operations Production Management, 30 (5), pp. 526-545 Pamela, D., Pietro, R. (2011), Supply chain integration and efficiency performance: a study on the interactions between customer and supplier integration, Supply chain Management: An International Journal, 16, pp. 220-230 Qi, Y., Zhao, X. Sheu, C., (2011), The Impact of Competitive Strategy and Supply Chain Strategy on Business Performance: The Role of Environmental Uncertainty, Decision Sciences, 42 (2), pp. 71-389 Rashid, K and Aslam, M (2012), Business excellence through total supply chain quality management: Asian Journal on Quality, 13(3), pp.309 324 Schaltegger, S., Burritt, R. (2014), Measuring and managing sustainability performance of supply chains. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19 (3), pp. 32-241 Simpson, S., (2016), The secrets behind Amazon's success, accessed on 21st March 2017 from https://www.cips.org/supply-management/analysis/2016/february/the-secrets-behind-Amazons-success/ Soon, W., (2011), A Review of Multi-Product Pricing Models: Applied Mathematics and Computation, 217(21), 81498165 Stefan, S., Roger, B (2014), Measuring and managing sustainability performance of supply chains Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19 (3), pp. 232-241 Wisner, J D (2011), Principles of Supply Chain Management: A Balanced Approach, Cengage Learning Wu, J., Li, L., . Xu, L. D., (2013), A Randomized Pricing Decision Support System in Electronic Commerce: Decision Support Systems Yu, Y, Hong, Z F, Zhang, L Liang, L Chu,C B (2013), Optimal selection of retailers for a manufacturing vendor in a vendor managed inventory system: European Journal of Operational Research, 225(2), pp 273284